The producer surplus derived by a firm from producing and selling a good or providing a service:

The correct choice accurately describes producer surplus as the difference between the minimum prices producers are willing to accept for their goods or services and the actual price they receive in the market. This concept captures the benefit that producers receive when they sell their products for more than the lowest price they would be willing to accept.

Producer surplus is essential in understanding producer behavior in a market economy. When producers can sell at a higher price than their minimum acceptable price (often determined by their costs), they gain extra benefit, which incentivizes production and can lead to increased market supply.

The other context provided by the other options does not fully encapsulate the definition of producer surplus. For example, while considering costs and revenues is important in analyzing firm performance, they are not defined in the same terms as the surplus itself. Thus, the essence of producer surplus is best captured in the notion of the difference between what producers are willing to accept versus what they actually receive.